#Orbital antimatter uplink how to#

8 Theories in which the one-way speed of light is not equal to the two-way speed.7 Experiments on two-way and one-way speeds using the Standard-Model Extension.6 Experiments that can be done on the one-way speed of light.5.2.3 Other experiments comparing Einstein synchronization with slow clock-transport synchronization.5.2 Experiments in which light follows a unidirectional path.5.1.1 The Greaves, Rodriguez, and Ruiz-Camacho experiment.5.1 Experiments which claimed to use a one-way light signal.5 Experiments which appear to measure the one-way speed of light.The 'speed of light' in this article refers to the speed of all electromagnetic radiation in vacuum.

In general, it was shown that these experiments are consistent with anisotropic one-way light speed as long as the two-way light speed is isotropic.

However, those experiments cannot directly establish the isotropy of the one-way speed of light since it has been shown that slow clock-transport, the laws of motion, and the way inertial reference frames are defined already involve the assumption of isotropic one-way speeds and thus, are equally conventional. Those experiments directly establish that synchronization with slow clock-transport is equivalent to Einstein synchronization, which is an important feature of special relativity. Įxperiments that attempt to directly probe the one-way speed of light independent of synchronization have been proposed, but none have succeeded in doing so. The constancy of the one-way speed in any given inertial frame is the basis of his special theory of relativity, although all experimentally verifiable predictions of this theory do not depend on that convention. Albert Einstein chose a synchronization convention (see Einstein synchronization) that made the one-way speed equal to the two-way speed. What can however be experimentally measured is the round-trip speed (or 'two-way' speed of light) from the source to a mirror (or other method of reflection) and back again to detector.

#Orbital antimatter uplink how to#

The 'one-way' speed of light, from a source to a detector, cannot be measured independently of a convention as to how to synchronize the clocks at the source and the detector. When using the term ' the speed of light' it is sometimes necessary to make the distinction between its one-way speed and its two-way speed.